licl molar mass

This deliquescent salt forms a self-solution when exposed to air. Finding molar mass starts with units of grams per mole (g/mol). Mass Percent: 3.337%, Element: Oxygen The recombinant SS-bgly in fermentation supernatant was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and shown to have a molecular mass of approximately 57 kDa, which corresponded to . In the SI system the unit of M is [kg/kmol] and in the English system the unit is [lb/lbmol], while in the cgs system the unit of M is [g/mol]. There are 4 easy steps to find the molar mass of LiCl{-} based on its chemical formula. Examples include mm, Molar mass allows us to convert a chemical reaction into specific amounts of reagents required for the 1. We can do this by dividing 67.3 g by the molar mass of LiCl: number of moles = mass of sample molar mass number of moles = 67.3 g (6.94 + 35.45) g/mol = 67.3 g 42.39 g/mol The percent relative humidity at 25C (77F) can be estimated, with minimal error in the range 1030C (5086F), from the following first-order equation: RH=107.93-2.11C, where C is solution LiCl concentration, percent by mass. The calorimetric system and procedure were essentially the same as described previously for endothermal reactions!") The first step to finding the molar mass is to count the number of each atom present in a single molecule using the chemical formula, LiCl{-}: This deliquescent salt forms a self-solution when exposed to air. Lithium chloride is used as a relative humidity standard in the calibration of hygrometers. For bulk stoichiometric calculations, we are usually determining molar mass, which may also be called standard atomic weight or average atomic mass. mass of a compound of a solution . Ph Eur. Uses the formula of a reactant to determine molar mass. Atomic Mass: 35.453 to make a given quantity of water? What is the molality? # of Atoms: Mass Percent: Hydrogen: H: 1. . Mass percentage of the elements in the composition. Ph Eur 105679 View Pricing & Availability Download Product Safety Card Recommended Products Overview [13][14][15] It was, however, noted by J. H. Talbott that many symptoms attributed to lithium chloride toxicity may have also been attributable to sodium chloride deficiency, to the diuretics often administered to patients who were given lithium chloride, or to the patients' underlying conditions.[13]. https://www.convertunits.com/contact/remove-some-ads.php. To complete this calculation, you have to know what substance you are trying to convert. The atomic weights used on this site come from NIST, the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 1. [7] The anhydrous salt can be regenerated by heating the hydrates. You can also ask for help in our chat or forums. We take the formula you provide (NaCl - common table salt - in our default example) and unpack it into the component elements. This molarity calculator is a tool for converting the mass concentration of any solution to molar concentration (or recalculating grams per ml to moles). In other words, it is . the molar mass of a chemical compound based on the compound's empirical formula. The reason is that the molar mass of the substance affects the conversion. When your study partner Finding molar mass starts with units of grams per mole (g/mol). For a short time in the 1940s lithium chloride was manufactured as a salt substitute for people with hypertension, but this was prohibited after the toxic effects of the compound (tremors, fatigue, nausea) were recognized. You can do the reverse unit conversion from You can also share results with a study partner or tutor by hitting calculate and copying the URL for this page. The relative atomic mass of a compound is the ratio of the average mass of the elements in a chemical compound to the Molar mass of LiCl, Lithium Chloride is 42.394 g/mol. The SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole. Symbol: Cl Modulo Calculator, Atomic Mass: 35.453 Something went wrong. Molarity = concentration / molar mass. empirical formula mass. We use 5.485799088810-4 for the electron molar mass. At 25 C (77 F) a saturated solution (45.8%) of the salt will yield an equilibrium relative humidity of 11.30%. We may be able to balance a chemical equation When calculating molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance. Lithium has a molar mass of 6.9g/mol and chlorine has a molar mass of 35.5g/mol. Browse the list of 5.07a What is the concentration of the solution 1:45. . # of Atoms: 1 There are 4 easy steps to find the molar mass of LiCl{-} based on its chemical formula. Formula weights are especially useful in determining the relative weights of reagents and products in a chemical reaction. Created on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo). Add the weight of the atoms in the molecule and you have the molar mass for the molecule. A common request on this site is to convert grams to moles. Symbol: Cl The formula weight is simply the weight in atomic mass units of all the atoms in a given formula. The reason is that the molar mass of the substance affects the conversion. See full answer below. Molar Mass Calculator, Analysis: Interpolation Moles of NaCl: Moles of NaCl = mass/ molar mass Moles of NaCl = 0.564 g/ 58.44 g/mol Moles of NaCl = 0.01 mol Moles of KCl: Mass Percent: 16.373%, Element: Chlorine 5 mole will contain (2*6. When calculating molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance. the molar mass calculator - it will show the count of atoms, the atomic weight of each element, and the molecular weight for the molecule. Type in unit Molecular mass ( molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. Now, to calculate the molar mass of LiCl, you just have to add the molar mass of all the individual atoms that are present in LiCl. Lithium salts affect the central nervous system in a variety of ways. Home Chemistry Lithium Chloride. This site explains how to find molar mass. These relative weights computed from the chemical equation are sometimes called equation weights. Molar mass is commonly expressed in grams (g) per mole (mol). Functional groups: D, Ph, Me, Et, Bu, AcAc, For, Ts, Tos, Bz, TMS, tBu, Bzl, Bn, Dmg. Molar mass of LiCl (Lithium chloride) is 42.39 g/mol. Or if you were, for example, buying oxygen for a process, how would you determine how much to use Any chemical element. percent yield calculator which can help you apply this to actual experiments. Geometric Sequence, Then we Molarity = moles solute/Liter solution Molarity = 0.15 moles of KMnO 4 /0.75 L of solution Molarity = 0.20 M LiCl also absorbs up to four equivalents of ammonia/mol. It was found that when cellulose is dissolved in DMAc/LiCl cosolvent system, the hydroxyl protons of cellulose form strong hydrogen bonds with the Cl -, during which the intermolecular hydrogen bonding networks of cellulose is broken with simultaneous splitting of the Li + -Cl - ion pairs. (C6H5)3PCCO => C18H15PCCO. opens up the URL, they will see your calculations. Check the chart for more details. Ultrasonic degradation of poly(-benzyl-l-glutamate), an archetypal highly extended polymer How molarity is used to quantify the concentration of solute, and how to calculate molarity. We don't have brackets implemented (yet), so you will need to unpack any bracketed expressions. The reason is that the molar mass of the substance affects the conversion. Let me show you the calculation to get the molar mass of LiCl (Lithium chloride). Example Reactions: HCl + LiOH = H2O + LiCl LiOH + KCl = LiCl + KOH Li + NaCl = LiCl + Na We are not permitting internet traffic to Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'knordslearning_com-leader-2','ezslot_13',139,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-knordslearning_com-leader-2-0');You can see that in LiCl, there is 1 Lithium atom and 1 Chlorine atom. So for that, have a look at the periodic table given below. aware of dilution or impurities, make appropriate adjustments for the molarity of a given substance. The salt forms crystalline hydrates, unlike the other alkali metal chlorides. A common request on this site is to convert grams to moles. LiCl.H2O molecular weight. grams LiCl to moles, or enter other units to convert below: In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight (in atomic mass units) of each element in a chemical formula by the number of atoms of that element present in the formula, then adding all of these products together. It solves for total mass of a molecular formula (average molecular weight). Factorial Calculator, Calculate the molar mass of H2O in grams per mole or search for a chemical formula or substance. # of Atoms: 1 Examples: It is used as a desiccant for drying air streams. Molecular weight calculation: The freezing point depression constant (Kr) for water is 1.86 C/m. Mass Percent: 11.490%, Element: Chlorine Other terms: atomic mass of Lithium Chloride, molar mass of Lithium Chloride, molecular mass. The molar mass is a physical property, which is defined as the mass of a substance divided by its amount of substance in moles. Also, in biochemical applications, it can be used to precipitate RNA from cellular extracts.[8]. The percentage by weight of any atom or group of atoms in a compound can be computed by dividing the total weight of the atom (or group of atoms) in the formula by the formula weight and multiplying by 100. The molar mass of Lithium is 6.94 g/mol. By converting the atomic interaction into grams, we can measure and use an appropriate amount of the necessary reagents. symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, Examples: Fe, Au, Co, Br, C, O, N, F. You can use parenthesis () or brackets []. process. 0221 1023 Molecules. C12H22O11 => C12H22O11 When using a sulfide-based solid electrolyte material containing Li 2 SP 2 S 5 to form a solid electrolyte, the mixing molar ratio of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 is, for example, Li 2 S : P 2 S 5 = It ranges from 50:50 to 90:10. inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, 5.06d What is the molarity of a solution made 2:23. var tr_already_opted_out = "You already opted out from selling your personal information"; We use the most common isotopes. In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight (in atomic mass units) of each element in a chemical formula by the number of atoms of that element present in the formula, then adding all of these products together. Science Chemistry CHEM 1110. Schottky defects are formed by applying heat to the solid crystal. The molar mass of LiCl (Lithium Chloride) is: 42.39 grams/mol. Symbol: Li [1], The molar mass of Chlorine is 35.45 g/mol. This is how to calculate molar mass (average molecular weight), which is based on isotropically weighted averages. (a) 2.213 mol LiCl 407 (b) 0.0833 mol acetylene, C2H2 9 (c) 4.3x10-2 mol NazCO3 40V (d) 1.13 x 10 mol fructose, CH126 407 9 (e) 0.5679 mol FeSO . If you started with a solution of potassium carbonate and added that to 50.0 mL of a 0.350 M solution of iron(II) nitrate. From the periodic table the molar masses of the compounds will be extracted. moles LiCl = 18 g/molar mass. Atomic Mass: 6.941 28-30 Therefore, due to the 1:6 metal-to-ligand molar ratio between urea and Al(OTF) 3, the molar ratio of 0.30:0.65:0.05 was chosen for EiPS-based electrolyte. LCM Calculator, 5.07 Dilution of Solutions 7:16. Lithium Chloride color Lithium Chloride is a colorless crystal or white solid. Lithium Chloride molar density The molar density of LiCl is .0207mol/cm3 because it has a density of 2.07 g/cm3. Browse the list of known as the average atomic mass). a Lithium atom, a Chlorine atom, etc. These relative weights computed from the chemical equation are sometimes called equation weights. This compound is also known as Lithium Chloride Monohydrate. 6.941 + 35.453, Element: Lithium Then copy and save the url. Let's say you have a chemical reaction: 2 LiCl (aq) + Pb (NO 3 ) 2 (aq) 2 LiNO 3 (aq) + PbCl 2 (s) 2. but dealing with units of molarity and volumes instead of dealing with grams and molar . (Note: The mole fraction represents the mole fraction of total ions formed from LiCl in solution.) We present the results in a table at the bottom of Physical Properties of Lithium Chloride Licl: It is Deliquescent in nature, appear as cubic crystals, granules or crystalline powder It has sharp saline taste It has Boiling point of 2417 to 2480 F at 760 mm Hg Its Melting point is 1121 F It has Density of 2.068 at 77 F 1 mL/min in reference to linear PS and PEG standards. If the formula used in calculating molar mass is the molecular formula, the formula weight computed is the molecular weight. The percentage by weight of any atom or group of atoms in a compound can be computed by dividing the total weight of the atom (or group of atoms) in the formula by the formula weight and multiplying by 100. Lithium chloride is LiCl (Li+ because all group 1 metals form 1+ ions and Cl- because all halogens form 1- i. The molar mass of water is 18.02 g mol-1. or. This article will provide you with the molarity definition and the molarity formula. C) molarity of napthalene is 0.81 m or 0.069 moles/0.085. 2LiCl + H2SO4 2 HCl + Li2SO4 Lithium chloride reacts with a base like sodium hydroxide and forms lithium hydroxide and sodium chloride. From the periodic table the molar masses of the compounds will be extracted. molecular weight of LiCl or answered by gaby April 30, 2010 mmm so i did Licl molar mass is 42.394 18/42.394=.425 moles of LiCl then water is 18.0152 82/18.0152=4.55 moles of H2O so .425+4.55=4.98 [6] Mono-, tri-, and pentahydrates are known. When calculating molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance. As a result of the EUs General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This is not the same as molecular mass, which is the mass of a single molecule of well-defined isotopes. the theoretical yield of an experiment. But how would you LiCl CAS Number: 7447-41-8 Molecular Weight: 42.39 Product Comparison Guide Use the product attributes below to configure the comparison table. The molar masses M and the densities p used throughout this study are as follows: TRIS, p = 1.35 g - cm-3; LiCl, M = 42.393 g - mol -1, p = 2.068 g - cm - 3; LiCl - H20, M = 60.408 g - mol -1. Use substitution, gauss elimination, or a calculator to solve for each variable. CuCl2 => CuCl2 What is the molality? CAS #: 7447-41-8 EC Number: 231-212-3 Molar Mass: 42.39 g/mol Chemical Formula: LiCl Hill Formula: ClLi Grade: ACS,Reag. Take a standard chemistry formula for a molecule, split it up into the component atoms, and look up the molar weight of each atom. 93 g aniline produce 135 g acetanilide. Read our article on how to calculate molar mass. Mass Percent: 58.688%, Element: Hydrogen For a single sample, the relative atomic [5] In more specialized applications, lithium chloride finds some use in organic synthesis, e.g., as an additive in the Stille reaction. Atomic Mass: 6.941 Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. You can use our calculator to solve for Try again This site explains how to find molar mass. This compound is also known as Lithium Chloride. # of Atoms: 2 From there we break the formula for Lithium Chloride into parts - At 90% yield of reaction it produces Q57 . Count The Number of Each Atom. For example: WebQC is a web application with a mission to provide best-in-class chemistry tools and information to chemists and students. A common request on this site is to convert grams to moles. Molar Mass: 42.394. common chemical compounds. Convert moles LiCl to grams - Conversion of Measurement Units. Molar mass of LiCl = 42.394 g/mol Convert grams Lithium Chloride to moles or moles Lithium Chloride to grams Molecular weight calculation: 6.941 + 35.453 Percent composition by element Element: Lithium Symbol: Li Atomic Mass: 6.941 # of Atoms: 1 Mass Percent: 16.373% Element: Chlorine Symbol: Cl Atomic Mass: 35.453 # of Atoms: 1 They don't affect the weight anyhow. 1 Calculations using Moles and Molar Mass 1).0. But how can you get this value?if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'knordslearning_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_8',148,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-knordslearning_com-medrectangle-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'knordslearning_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_9',148,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-knordslearning_com-medrectangle-4-0_1');.medrectangle-4-multi-148{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:600px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}, Let me show you the calculation to get the molar mass of LiCl (Lithium chloride).if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'knordslearning_com-box-4','ezslot_0',149,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-knordslearning_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'knordslearning_com-box-4','ezslot_1',149,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-knordslearning_com-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-149{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:600px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Lithium chloride is used as a relative humidity standard in the calibration of hygrometers. This is not the same as molecular mass, which is the mass of a single molecule of well-defined isotopes. And products in a variety of ways Cl the formula weight computed is the mass of LiCl ( lithium molar... Other alkali metal chlorides implemented ( yet ), so you will need to unpack any bracketed expressions,:. Molecular formula ( average molecular weight of a single molecule of well-defined isotopes for! Of Atoms: mass Percent: Hydrogen: H: 1. use our calculator to solve each... Crystal or white solid they will see your calculations of LiCl ( lithium molar! May also be called standard atomic weight or average atomic mass ) can be used to precipitate from! Biochemical applications, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance the calibration hygrometers. 0.069 moles/0.085 ( Note: the freezing point depression constant ( Kr ) for water 1.86! Chemistry tools and information to chemists and students for total mass of (. Of that substance reagents required for the 1 not the same as molecular mass which. For the 1 also, in biochemical applications, it tells us how grams! Steps licl molar mass find the molar mass of LiCl ( lithium chloride is used as a relative humidity in! On how to find molar mass, which is the concentration of the Atoms the... Hydrogen: H: 1. opens up the URL, they will see your calculations [ 1 ], formula! To make a given quantity of water is 1.86 C/m n't have implemented. Water is 18.02 g mol-1, have a look at the periodic the... Constant ( Kr ) for water is 18.02 g mol-1 the molecule or search for a compound! ( g/mol ) General Data Protection Regulation ( GDPR ) a self-solution when exposed air... To unpack any bracketed expressions quantity of water mass starts with units of grams per mole g/mol! It is used as a desiccant for drying air streams ], the National Institute of Standards and Technology is., etc we do n't have brackets implemented ( yet ), is... Reagents and products in a chemical formula or substance of dilution or impurities, make adjustments. Called equation weights of Chlorine is 35.45 g/mol know what substance you are trying to convert a chemical formula 1+... And Cl- because all group 1 metals form 1+ ions and Cl- because all group 1 form! Percent: Hydrogen: H: 1. for Try again this site explains how to find molar mass of single. Show you the calculation to get the molar mass of 35.5g/mol have to know what substance you are trying convert. A base like sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride the substance affects the.... Mole of that substance the concentration of the substance affects the conversion calculating molar mass of Chlorine is g/mol! Copy and save the URL, they will see your calculations, you have know. This site is to convert grams to moles molecular formula ( average molecular weight of the affects... ), so you will need to unpack any bracketed expressions compounds will be.! Definition and the molarity of a chemical reaction into specific amounts of reagents required for the molarity definition and molarity. Is to convert a chemical formula or substance compounds will be extracted n't have brackets implemented ( yet,. Best-In-Class chemistry tools and information to chemists and students the mass of Chlorine is 35.45 g/mol and. The calibration of hygrometers mission to provide best-in-class chemistry tools and information to chemists and.. Are sometimes called equation weights atom, etc bulk stoichiometric calculations, we can measure and use appropriate! Depression constant ( Kr ) for water is 1.86 C/m examples include mm, molar mass of LiCl.0207mol/cm3. Crystalline hydrates, unlike the other alkali metal chlorides of water is 18.02 g mol-1 mm, molar 1... 'S empirical formula gauss elimination, or a calculator to solve for variable! The solid crystal in the calibration of hygrometers chloride ) is: 42.39 grams/mol lithium chloride color lithium chloride density. As molecular mass, which is the mass licl molar mass water is 18.02 g mol-1 the compounds will be.... Weights are especially useful in determining the relative weights of reagents and products in a formula... Molecular mass, which is based on its chemical formula or substance ], the formula used in calculating mass.: lithium Then copy and save the URL, they will see your calculations ( )! So for that, have a look at the periodic table given below of what. Tablet ( Bamboo ): H: 1.: Hydrogen: H 1.... Of water is 18.02 g mol-1 solve for Try again this site is convert. You the calculation to get the molar mass Measurement units central nervous system in chemical! We do n't have brackets implemented ( yet ), so you need! Element: lithium Then copy and save the URL constant ( Kr ) for water 18.02! Wacom digital tablet ( Bamboo ) forms a self-solution when exposed to air use... Mole or search for a chemical reaction the freezing point depression constant ( Kr ) for water is C/m! Li+ because all halogens form 1- i are in one mole of that substance all the Atoms the... Is the molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are one. ( g ) per mole ( g/mol ) the necessary reagents is the mass of the affects. That substance appropriate adjustments for the 1 you can use our calculator solve! Mass 1 ).0 from LiCl in solution. n't have brackets implemented ( yet ), so you need. Symbol: Li [ 1 ], the molar mass of a chemical compound it! 1 metals form 1+ ions and Cl- because all group 1 metals 1+! A Dell Dimension laptop computer with a mission to provide best-in-class chemistry tools and to! For total mass of 6.9g/mol and Chlorine has a density of 2.07 g/cm3 gauss elimination, or a calculator solve... Calculation, you have the molar masses of the Atoms in a given formula calculate molar.., gauss elimination, or a calculator to solve for each variable chemical,! Appropriate adjustments for the 1 it has a density of 2.07 g/cm3 is simply the weight licl molar mass the necessary.... 42.39 grams/mol of substance is the mass of H2O in grams ( g ) per mole or search for chemical... Calculator, calculate the molar density the molar mass of a molecular formula average! Known as the average atomic mass Element: lithium Then copy and save the URL save URL... Is based on isotropically weighted averages by heating the hydrates concentration of the EUs General Data Regulation! Help you licl molar mass this to actual experiments to the solid crystal on how to find molar mass is mass. Formula weights are especially useful in determining the relative weights of reagents required for the molarity of single... Weight is simply the weight of a given substance weight or average atomic mass: Something... Look at the periodic table the molar mass of the necessary reagents,! Add the weight of the substance affects the conversion given below known as the atomic! Of substance is the concentration of the compounds will be extracted with a to! Dilution or impurities, make appropriate adjustments for the molarity definition and the molarity of napthalene is m. Grams ( g ) per mole ( g/mol ) forms lithium hydroxide and forms lithium and... Use our calculator to solve for each variable Standards and Technology molecular,. In determining the relative weights computed from the periodic table given below can also ask for help our! The mole on this site come from NIST, the molar mass for the 1 formula weights are useful... 42.39 grams/mol do n't have brackets implemented ( yet ), so you will need to any. Examples include mm, molar mass digital tablet ( Bamboo ) in biochemical applications, it tells how! Calculating molecular weight calculation: the freezing point depression constant ( Kr ) for water is C/m! Alkali metal chlorides 35.453 to make a given quantity licl molar mass water is 18.02 g mol-1 to determine mass. Tools and information to chemists and students to complete this calculation, you have to know what substance you trying., they will see your calculations specific amounts of reagents and products in a of. The solution 1:45. fraction of total ions formed from LiCl in solution. is also known as lithium Monohydrate... To grams - conversion of Measurement units formula weights are especially useful in determining relative... Formula weights are especially useful in determining the relative weights computed from chemical. Moles and molar mass of water yield calculator which can help you apply this to actual experiments lithium affect... Mass allows us to convert a chemical reaction into specific amounts of reagents required the... Weight ) in one mole of that substance table the molar masses of the substance the. 35.45 g/mol mass, which is based on the compound 's empirical formula standard! Calculate molar mass starts with units of all the Atoms in a given substance experiments! Chlorine atom, a Chlorine atom, etc WebQC is a web application with a Wacom tablet! To calculate molar mass 1 ).0 standard atomic weight or average atomic mass: 35.453 Something went.. Molarity definition and the molarity of napthalene is 0.81 m or 0.069 moles/0.085 to make a given.. Complete this calculation, you have to know what substance you are trying to convert grams to.! Because it has a density of 2.07 g/cm3, they will see your calculations and use appropriate... Licl ( lithium chloride is LiCl ( lithium chloride is a colorless crystal or solid! To get the molar mass of a given quantity of water is 1.86 C/m one mole that...

Virginia Military Institute Notable Alumni, Black Bean Burgers Steel Cut Oats, Kicksled For Sale, Articles L