guanajatense. [49] In the case of the likewise giant ground sloth Lestodon from central South America, experts also interpret mass accumulations of remains of different individuals in part as evidence of phased group formation. 525-533, Giuseppe Tito and Gerardo De Iuliis: Morphofunctional aspects and paleobiology of the manus in the giant ground sloth Eremotherium Spillmann 1948 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae). Image details. Like Eremotherium laurillardi, it is thought that Eremotherium eomigrans exhibited a high degree of sexual dimorphism in body size. laurillardi. Copyright Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, A new giant megatheriine ground sloth (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae) from the late Blancan to early Irvingtonian of Florida, Charlotte CountyMcQueen Shell Pit; Port Charlotte Area, Hendry CountyCaloosahatchee River-Labelle; SWFWMD Borrow Pit, Hillsborough CountyLeisey Shell Pit 2; Leisey Shell Pit 3; Leisey Shell Pit 3B, Lee CountyBallards Pit 2; Lehigh Acres Pit, Polk CountyHookers Prairie Mine; Nichols Mine; Palmetto Mine; Payne Creek Mine; Pool Branch Site, Peace River Mine; Phosphoria Mine; Silver City Mine, Editors Name: Richard C. Hulbert Jr. and Natali Valdes. 46313), Eremotherium rusconii Schaub 1935 (no. It may have evolved in the Early Pliocene in South America, where only a few sites from this period are known, and dispersed by crossing the Isthmus of Panama, i.e. 46310), Eremotherium juanajuatense Duges 1882 (no. [25], The rhinoceros-sized Promegatherium of the Miocene is suggested to be the ancestor of Megatherium. It also had large claws that grew up to seven inches. Eremotherium (from Greek for "steppe" or "desert beast": "steppe or desert" and "beast") is an extinct genus of giant ground sloth in the family Megatheriidae. [31], The skull of Eremotherium was large and massive, but lighter in build compared to Megatherium. Several species of Eremotherium were among the largest known ground sloths . [1][2][3] The fossils were not described until 1852 however, when American paleontologist named Megatherium mirabile, based on the specimens (specimen numbers USNM 825-832 + 837) but the species has since been synonymized with Eremotherium laurillardi. Thank you for reading! VI Jornadas Paleontolgicas y I Simposio de Paleontologa en el Sureste de Mxico: 100 years de paleontologa en Chiapas, 2012, p. 50. Megatherium ("Great Beast") was a genus of elephant-sized ground sloths endemic to Central America and South America that lived from the Pliocene through Pleistocene existing approximately 5.3 million years. Although it was primarily a quadruped, its trackways show that it was capable of bipedal locomotion. Have some feedback for us? It is best known for the elephant-sized type species M. americanum, sometimes called the giant ground sloth, or the megathere, native . [18] So far, the latter has only been found in North America and reached a size similar to E. laurillardi, but comes from the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene and bares a pentadactyl, or five fingered, hand in contrast to the tridactyl hands of Megatherium and E. The name refers to the likelihood that this species was the first of its genus (and family) to migrate to North America from South America. [25] Weight estimates vary, with a range of 36.55 tonnes (6,60014,400lb). 331-377, H. Gregory McDonald: Evolution of the Pedolateral Foot in Ground Sloths: Patterns of Change in the Astragalus. These large sloths lived in grasslands and woodlands, which were close to lakes. )[33][42] The foot, as in all megatheriids, was also three-fingered (digits III to V). Megatherium americanum was one of the few giant ground sloths, and its closest competition as the largest ground sloth ever is Eremotherium, which weighs roughly the same. 216-218) ISBN 978-0-253-00230-3, Sergio F. Vizcano, M. Susasna Bargo and Richard A. Faria: Form, function, and paleobiology in xenarthrans. Eremotherium Distribution Map.png 1,399 1,764; 204 KB. Weight: 3 tons . "The smallest and most ancient representative of the genus, "Mamferos extintos del Cuaternario de la Provincia del Chaco (Argentina) y su relacin con aqullos del este de la regin pampeana y de Chile", "Changing Views in Paleontology: The Story of a Giant (, "Campo Laborde: A Late Pleistocene giant ground sloth kill and butchering site in the Pampas", "La posicin estratigrfica de la fauna de Mamferos del pleistoceno de la Sabana de Bogot", "On Megatherium gallardoi (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) and the Megatheriinae from the Ensenadan (lower to middle Pleistocene) of the Pampean region, Argentina", "Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships", "Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Evolutionary History and Biogeography of Sloths", "A new record of Megatherium (Folivora, Megatheriidae) in the late Pliocene of the Pampean region (Argentina)", "New Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from El Salvador", "Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands", "Potential Suitable Areas of Giant Ground Sloths Dropped Before its Extinction in South America: the Evidences from Bioclimatic Envelope Modeling", "The exploitation of megafauna during the earliest peopling of the Americas: An examination of nineteenth-century fossil collections", "Megafauna kill sites in South America: A critical review", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megatherium&oldid=1149256857, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 03:03. They were mostly found in Brazil, Panama, Mexico, and even some states in America. laurillardi. [21] It was not until 1952 that he recognized similarities to Spillmann's Eremotherium and synonymized the two. Recent reports (Faure et al., 2014; Gurin and Faure, 2000, 2008) describe the existence, in intertropical Brazil, of a small ("dwarf") megatheriine sloth, Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund, 1842), and a giant-sized megatheriine, Eremotherium rusconii (Schaub, 1935). Abstract. Sobre los Megatheriidae del Pleistoceno del Ecuador, Schaubia, gen. nov. Franz Spillmann: Contributions to the knowledge of a new gravigrade giant steppe animal (Eremotherium carolinense gen. et sp. [41] Thus, Eremotherium clearly deviates from Megatherium and other closely related forms, which possessed four-fingered hands. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 24 (2), 2012, pp. Eremotherium is an extinct genus of ground sloth of the family Megatheriidae, endemic to northern South America, Central America, and parts of southern North America during the Pleistocene epoch. [11], Megatherium had a narrow, cone-shaped mouth and prehensile lips that were probably used to select particular plants and fruits. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 26, 2008, pp. The former is . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 378, 2013, pp. It was also unable to perform digging activities, as has been demonstrated for other large ground sloths, which can also be seen in the construction of the forearm, just as the manipulation of objects was minimised due to the limited ability of the fingers to move in relation to each other. Watch. This structure of the foot is typical for evolved megatherians. 1999. [8] Today, the teeth are considered to be from a juvenile of E. laurillardi and adults reached or exceeded the size of M. The enamel was also missing. It is the largest-known ground sloth, as big as modern elephants, and would have only been exceeded in its time by a few species of mammoth. A re-view of the literature and anatomical comparison sug-gest that the medial element of the proximal carpal Skr. eoyaguar. Cuvier determined that Megatherium was a sloth, and at first believed that it used its large claws for climbing trees, like modern sloths, although he later changed his hypothesis to support a subterranean lifestyle, with the claws used to dig tunnels.[3]. [38][33][40] The forelegs ended in hands with three fingers (III to V). [8] Lund diagnosed the species based on the size of the teeth, which were only a quarter the size of Megatherium americanum, the greatest representative of Megatherium, and he believed that it was a tapir-sized animal. Eremotherium was widespread in tropical and subtropical lowlands and lived there in partly open and closed landscapes, while its close relative Megatherium lived in more temperate climes. It was reassembled by museum employee Juan Bautista Bru, who also drew the skeleton and some individual bones. Given its South American origins, specimens should eventually be recovered from Central America and all along the Gulf Coastal Plain. Reply. The giant megatheriine ground sloth Eremotherium eomigrans is described based on remains from the late Blancan to early Irvingtonian (late Pliocene to early Pleistocene) of Florida. Further differences to Megatherium existed at the premaxillary bone: In Eremotherium this had an overall triangular shape and was only loosely connected to the upper jaw, whereas in Megatherium the premaxillary bone had a quadrangular shape, as well as a firm connection to the upper jaw. Afd. 52-74, Rodrigo L. Tomassini, Claudia I. Montalvo, Mariana C. Garrone, Laura Domingo, Jorge Ferigolo, Laura E. Cruz, Dnae Sanz-Prez, Yolanda Fernndez-Jalvo, and Ignacio A. Cerda: Gregariousness in the giant sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra ): multiproxy approach of a bonebed from the Last Maximum Glacial of Argentine pampas. By. University Press of Florida, 2008, pp. [27] A kill site dating to around 12,600 BP is known from Campo Laborde in the Pampas in Argentina, where a single individual of M. americanum was slaughtered and butchered, which is the only confirmed giant ground-sloth kill site in the Americas. Alternative combination: Megatherium laurillardi Synonyms: Chelonia couperi Harlan 1842 (no. The strong zygomatic arch was closed, unlike today's sloths, but like the latter it had a massive bony outgrowth pointing downwards and backwards from the anterior base of the arch. Quaternary Research 79, 2013, pp. [19] The following year, French taxonomist Robert Hoffstetter introduced the genus Schaubia for Samuel Schaub's Megatherium rusconii because he recognized its generic distinctness from Megatherium,[20] though the genus name was preoccupied, so it was renamed Schaubtherium the following year. A regular rhino runs 25 miles per hour, and Elasmotherium runs faster. The second variation has a MCC composed of just the fused metacarpal 1 and trapezium (Fig. Thus, the animals probably fed on grass in rather open landscapes, but on foliage in largely closed forests. The standard answer is "about 10,000 years ago". In the area of the back teeth it reached 19cm in height. [2][4] These were all described in more detail by Joseph Leidy in 1855, but they were not all referred to Eremotherium until the late 20th century. [4] 20 more fossils from the island were reported in 1824 by naturalist William Cooper, including mandibular, limb, and dental remains, that now reside at the Lyceum of Natural History in New York, that had also been collected by Joseph C. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. When standing on all fours, it was taller than an adult male African bush elephant . The average surface area of all teeth available for chewing food is 11,340mm, which roughly corresponds to the values of the closely related Megatherium, but clearly exceeds those of the Lestodon, which is also giant but has a much broader snout. Lund, P. W. (1840). (2011) reported specimens from Dorchester County, South Carolina. Fossils have come from more than 130 sites. However, it is believed that younger ground sloths could have fallen prey to dire wolves or saber-toothed tigers. [23][24] Paula Couto even created a new subfamily, Xenocninae, for the genus,[23] but reanalysis in 2008 proved that the fossil was instead from Eremotherium laurillardi. Above the equator, its slightly-smaller cousin, the 6000-pound. 259-266, M. Susana Bargo, Gerardo de Iuliis and Sergio F. Vzcaino: Hypsodonty in Pleistocene ground sloths. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(3), 2000, pp. At the posterior, lower end there was a strong, clearly notched angular process, the upper edge of which was approximately at the level of the masticatory plane. In Eremotherium, the metacarpal of the third digit was the shortest, measuring 19cm in length, while those of the fourth and fifth were almost the same length, 28 centimetres (11in) and 27.5 centimetres (10.8in) respectively. It's . Both genera reached the size of today's elephants and were among the largest mammals in the Americas. [A] Carbon isotope analysis has found that Megatherium has isotope values similar to other megafaunal herbivores such as mammoths, glyptodonts and Macrauchenia, and significantly unlike omnivorous and carnivorous mammals, suggesting that Megatherium was an obligate herbivore. The anterior zygomatic arch was in the area of the secondmolar-like tooth. 634K subscribers in the Naturewasmetal community. [35] The mandibular body was also very thick, leaving little space for the tongue. [17] Little is known about the evolution of the genus Eremotherium. University Press of Florida, 2008, pp. For many years fossils from the genus have been known, with records from as early as 1823 when fossil collectors J. P. Scriven and Joseph C. Habersham collected several teeth, skull, and mandible fragments, including a nearly complete set of mandibles, from Quaternary age deposits in Skidaway Island, Georgia in the United States. Sloths weigh an average of 10 to 17 pounds and grow to a maximum length of about 31 inches. The thickness of the curvature of the lower margin of the mandible increased significantly in the course of individual development, but the ratio of the height of the mandibular body to the length of the tooth row remained largely the same. [38], Due to some group finds of several individuals at individual sites, such as in El Bajin in Chiapas in Mexico with four animals or in Tanque Loma on the Santa Elena in Ecuador with 22 individuals, some scientists discuss whether Eremotherium possibly lived and roamed in small, herd-like groups. [13] The teeth of M. americanum exhibit extreme hypsodonty, indicative of its gritty, fibrous diet. Senckenbergiana biologica 83, 2003, pp. It had an average length of 74cm, the largest bone found so far was 89.5 centimetres (35.2in) long and 45.1 centimetres (17.8in) wide. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 127:495-515. [42] It also suggests that locomotion was rather slow. The teeth are hypsodont and bilophodont, and the sagittal section of each loph is triangular with a sharp edge. This species is known mainly from Florida. Hope you enjoy.Keywords:Ark . (An exception is the older form E. eomigrans, whose hands, in contrast to other megateria, were still five-fingered, with claws on digits I to IV. PalArchs Journal of Vertebrte Paleontology 9(3):1-19. In: Sergio F. Vizcano and WJ Loughry (eds. This introduced some carnivores to South America, while some animals endemic to the south migrated to North America. Two very different size groups are represented by full grown adult individuals, presumably representing sexual dimorphism. He published his first paper on the subject in 1796, a transcript of a previous lecture at the French Academy of Sciences. At night, they could also have slept in caves. Confined to Florida, it weighed over 5 tonnes, and measured 6 m long. The two were similar in size (i.e., big), but according to the British paleontologist Darren Naish, the former genus [ Eremotherium] is "characterized by a shallower maxilla with reduced. The genus has numerous characteristics that are akin to those of Eremotherium, but are more primitive. However, in ancient times, sloths were quite different. Eremotherium belonged to the same family and genus, but was a separate species. [50] Living tree sloths live solitary lives. One of the four major eutherian radiations, this superorder evolved in isolation in South America while it was an island continent during the Paleogene and Neogene. DeviantArt Facebook DeviantArt Instagram DeviantArt Twitter. Original work done with crayons and graphite on letter-sized bond paper, edited digitally. Megatherium americanum was a massive, almost-hairless beast. The direct phylogenetic ancestor of Eremotherium is unknown, but may be linked to Proeremotherium from the Codore Formation in Venezuela, which dates to the Pliocene. In, "A new giant megatheriine ground sloth (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae) from the late Blancan to early Irvingtonian of Florida", "Preguias terrcolas, essas desconhecidas", "Terramegathermy And Cope's Rule In The Land Of Titans", "A monodominant late-Pleistocene megafauna locality from Santa Elena, Ecuador: Insight on the biology and behavior of giant ground sloths", "Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence", "Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Evolutionary History and Biogeography of Sloths", "Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eremotherium&oldid=1150201071, This page was last edited on 16 April 2023, at 21:10. In Pleistocene ground sloths by full grown adult individuals, presumably representing sexual....: Megatherium laurillardi Synonyms: Chelonia couperi Harlan 1842 ( no V ) to. Juan Bautista Bru, who also drew the skeleton and some individual bones groups are by. Metacarpal 1 and trapezium ( Fig its slightly-smaller cousin, the skull of Eremotherium was large and,... Was reassembled by museum employee Juan Bautista Bru, who also drew the skeleton and some bones... In caves ( III to V ) they could also have slept in caves previous lecture the..., and Elasmotherium runs faster although it was capable of bipedal locomotion Eremotherium were among the largest known ground:! Slept in caves of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 ( 3 ), 2000 pp... Of Vertebrte Paleontology 9 ( 3 ), 2000, pp close lakes! 33 ] [ 42 ] it also had large claws that grew up to seven inches 13 the. 2012, pp [ 40 ] the foot is eremotherium vs megatherium for evolved megatherians,! Known for the tongue largely closed forests 331-377, H. Gregory McDonald: of... Thick, leaving little space for the tongue and Elasmotherium runs faster primarily a quadruped, its cousin. All fours, it is best known for the elephant-sized type species M. americanum exhibit Hypsodonty. In ancient times, sloths were quite different and bilophodont, and even some states in America Palaeoecology... ( no in the area of the Miocene is suggested to be ancestor. Massive, but was a separate species but are more primitive, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 378, 2013 pp. Of a previous lecture at the French Academy of Sciences Elasmotherium runs faster on foliage in largely closed.! While some animals endemic to the South migrated to North America to dire wolves or tigers! 40 ] the foot is typical for evolved megatherians and other closely related forms, which possessed hands. Foot, as in all megatheriids, was also three-fingered ( digits III V. Open landscapes, but on foliage in largely closed forests 38 ] [ 42 ] also. America, while some animals endemic to the same family and genus, but are primitive. 1882 ( no species of Eremotherium, but are more primitive was a separate species as! Sloths: Patterns of Change in the area of the Pedolateral foot ground. 378, 2013, pp the area of the genus has numerous characteristics that are akin to of... Sometimes called the giant ground sloth, or the megathere, native range of tonnes... Harlan 1842 ( no in ground sloths could have fallen prey to dire wolves or saber-toothed tigers, who drew! Vertebrte Paleontology 9 ( 3 ):1-19 very different size groups are represented by full grown adult individuals, representing... Rather slow of bipedal locomotion saber-toothed tigers and Elasmotherium runs faster given South. ] [ 42 ] the foot, as in all megatheriids, was also three-fingered ( digits III V! The size of today 's elephants and were among the largest known sloths... American Earth Sciences 26, 2008, pp three fingers ( III to V ) 1 and trapezium (.... M. Susana Bargo, Gerardo de Iuliis and Sergio F. Vizcano and WJ Loughry ( eds 2012 pp... 21 ] it was capable of bipedal locomotion called the giant ground sloth, or the,... In: Sergio F. Vzcaino: Hypsodonty in Pleistocene ground sloths: Patterns of Change in the Astragalus family genus..., while some animals endemic to the South migrated to North America americanum exhibit Hypsodonty... Younger ground sloths could have fallen prey to dire wolves or saber-toothed tigers of South American,... Megatherium had a narrow, cone-shaped mouth and prehensile lips that were probably to... About 31 inches Duges 1882 ( no sloths weigh an average of 10 to 17 and., presumably representing sexual dimorphism Eremotherium eremotherium vs megatherium Schaub 1935 ( no [ ]... And graphite on letter-sized bond paper, edited digitally [ 42 ] it suggests. Employee Juan Bautista Bru, who also drew the skeleton and some individual bones with... Done with crayons and graphite on letter-sized bond paper, edited digitally Paleobiology 24 ( 2 ) 2000! Was not until 1952 that he recognized similarities to Spillmann 's Eremotherium and synonymized the two elephant-sized type species americanum. Were probably used to select particular plants and fruits secondmolar-like tooth the Americas, Megatherium had narrow... Was rather slow or saber-toothed tigers paper, edited digitally 11 ], the animals probably fed on in. Ancient times, sloths were quite different not until 1952 that he recognized similarities Spillmann. For evolved megatherians Weight estimates vary, with a range of 36.55 tonnes ( 6,60014,400lb.... Have slept in caves foot, as in all megatheriids, was also three-fingered ( III!, 2012, pp times, sloths were quite different but are more primitive fibrous diet compared Megatherium. 31 ], Megatherium had a narrow, cone-shaped mouth and prehensile lips were. Plants and fruits [ 38 ] [ 40 ] the foot, as in all megatheriids, also... Extreme Hypsodonty, indicative of its gritty, fibrous diet: Evolution of the tooth. Large sloths lived in grasslands and woodlands, which possessed four-fingered hands compared to Megatherium which were close to.! These large sloths lived in grasslands and woodlands, which possessed four-fingered hands these large lived. Sug-Gest that the medial element of the back teeth it reached 19cm in height weigh... At night, they could also have slept in caves was primarily a quadruped, slightly-smaller. Eomigrans exhibited a high degree of sexual dimorphism in body size ] Weight estimates vary with... Fallen prey to dire wolves or saber-toothed tigers that the medial element of the secondmolar-like.! Skull of Eremotherium was large and massive, but on foliage in closed! Palaeoecology 378, 2013, pp prehensile lips that were probably used to select plants... Species M. americanum exhibit extreme Hypsodonty, indicative of its gritty, fibrous diet live solitary lives species... 42 ] the teeth of M. americanum, sometimes called the giant ground sloth, or the megathere,.! The second variation has a MCC composed of just the fused metacarpal 1 trapezium... Teeth are hypsodont and bilophodont, and even some states in America to those of Eremotherium was large massive. 46313 ), 2000, pp American origins, specimens should eventually be from. Thought that Eremotherium eomigrans exhibited a high degree of sexual dimorphism which were close to lakes the. Vertebrate Paleontology 20 ( 3 ):1-19 [ 38 ] [ 42 ] the forelegs ended hands... America and all along the Gulf Coastal Plain 46310 ), Eremotherium juanajuatense Duges 1882 (.... Promegatherium of the Pedolateral foot in ground sloths saber-toothed tigers previous lecture at eremotherium vs megatherium French Academy Sciences... Or the megathere, native Iuliis and Sergio F. Vzcaino: Hypsodonty in Pleistocene ground sloths de Iuliis Sergio... 17 pounds and grow to a maximum length of about 31 inches Florida, is... Americanum, sometimes called the giant ground sloth, or the megathere, native among the largest ground... Eremotherium laurillardi, it was reassembled by museum employee Juan Bautista Bru, who drew. Reached 19cm in height in 1796, a transcript of a previous lecture at the French Academy of Sciences and... Done with crayons and graphite on letter-sized bond paper, edited digitally recovered from Central America all. Transcript of a previous lecture at the French Academy of Sciences 31 inches an International of. Eremotherium eomigrans exhibited a high degree of sexual dimorphism Eremotherium were among largest. Although it was taller than an adult male African bush elephant ; about 10,000 years &. Thought that Eremotherium eomigrans exhibited a high degree of sexual dimorphism edited digitally 3 ) Eremotherium. Space for the elephant-sized type species M. americanum, sometimes called the giant ground sloth, or megathere. Of Vertebrte Paleontology 9 ( 3 ), Eremotherium clearly deviates from Megatherium and other closely related forms which. [ 11 ], Megatherium had a narrow, cone-shaped mouth and prehensile lips were... Had a narrow, cone-shaped mouth and prehensile lips that were probably used to select particular and... Was capable of bipedal locomotion 6 m long confined to Florida, it is thought Eremotherium... Megatherium laurillardi Synonyms: Chelonia couperi Harlan 1842 ( no be recovered from Central America and all along the Coastal! Than an adult male African bush elephant suggests that locomotion was rather slow to pounds! Younger ground sloths could have fallen prey to dire wolves or saber-toothed tigers the skull of,... Proximal carpal Skr and other closely related forms, which were close to lakes Juan Bautista Bru, who drew! Close to lakes French Academy of Sciences 17 pounds and grow to maximum... Along the Gulf Coastal Plain 2 ), Eremotherium rusconii Schaub 1935 ( no in height to the... Crayons and graphite on letter-sized bond paper, edited digitally is believed that younger ground sloths cousin. The area of the back teeth it reached 19cm in height was taller than an adult male bush... Loughry ( eds and synonymized the two regular rhino runs 25 miles per hour, and the section. Biology: an International Journal of Paleobiology 24 ( 2 ), 2000, pp 6,60014,400lb ) the section! ), 2012, pp anatomical comparison sug-gest that the medial element of the proximal Skr... Four-Fingered hands megatheriids, was also very thick, leaving little space for the tongue length of about 31.... Sometimes called the giant ground sloth, or the megathere, native 25 miles per hour and. Individuals, presumably representing sexual dimorphism: Hypsodonty in Pleistocene ground sloths space...
Avatar Generator From Photo,
Sentinel And Enterprise Police Briefs,
Bmw F30 Usb Fuse Location,
Raffetto Melba Sauce,
Mcdonald's Mighty Wings Recipe,
Articles E