Web2. 20 When Catiline saw those, whom I have just above mentioned, assembled, though he had often discussed many points with them singly, yet thinking it would be to his purpose to address and exhort them in a body, retired with them into a private apartment of his house, where, when all witnesses were withdrawn, he harangued them to the following effect: If such had been the case, we should enjoy it in a most excellent condition; for of allies and citizens, as well as arms and horses, we have a much greater abundance than they had. [25] Some historians, however, give it an earlier date of composition, perhaps as early at 50BC as an unpublished pamphlet which was reworked and published after the civil wars. This course will investigate closely the assigned text, with only sporadic comments on the historical and social background. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Catiline's War & the Jugurthine War : Latin Text [Latin] by Sallust at the best online prices at eBay! These thirty began their administration by putting to death, even without a trial, all who were notoriously wicked, or publicly detestable; acts at which the people rejoiced, and extolled their justice. They are also available in on-line editions, but are not formatted for ease of use. [84] Both these scrolls include only Catiline and Jugurtha, while some other mutili manuscripts also include Invective and Cicero's response. [79], His works were also extensively quoted in Augustine of Hippo's City of God; the works themselves also show up in manuscripts all over the post-Roman period and circulated in Carolingian libraries. And although my mind, inexperienced in dishonest practice, detested these vices, yet, in the midst of so great corruption, my tender age was ensnared and infected by ambition; and though I shrunk from the vicious principles of those around me, yet the same eagerness for honors, the same obloquy and jealousy, which disquieted others, disquieted myself. But when danger showed itself, envy and pride were laid aside. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 57 When it was reported in his camp, however, that the conspiracy had been discovered at Rome, and that Lentulus, Cethegus, and the rest whom I have named, had been put to death, most of those whom the hope of plunder, or the love of change, had led to join in the war, fell away. Pardon the youth of Cethegus, unless this be the second time that he has made war upon his country. In such contests there was neither moderation nor limit; each party made a merciless use of its successes. They accordingly disclosed the whole affair, just as they had learned it, to Quintus Fabius Sanga, to whose patronage their state was very greatly indebted. And if any one, as yet of unblemished character, fell into his society, he was presently rendered, by daily intercourse and temptation, similar and equal to the rest. In the next place, many, who thought of the success of Sylla, when they had seen some raised from common soldiers into senators, and others so enriched as to live in regal luxury and pomp, hoped, each for himself, similar results from victory, if they should once take up arms. [10][27] This campaign was unsuccessful. If those who pass a life sunk in obscurity, commit any error, through excessive anger, few become aware of it, for their fame is as limited as their fortune; but of those who live invested with extensive power, and in an exalted station, the whole world knows the proceedings. 41 Yet the Allobroges were long in suspense what course they should adopt. What I advise, then, is this: that since the state, by a treasonable combination of abandoned citizens, has been brought into the greatest peril; and since the conspirators have been convicted on the evidence of Titus Volturcius, and the envoys of the Allobroges, and on their own confession, of having concerted massacres, conflagrations, and other horrible and cruel outrages, against their fellow-citizens and their country, punishment be inflicted, according to the usage of our ancestors, on the prisoners who have confessed their guilt, as on men convicted of capital crimes. The exploits of the Athenians, as far as I can judge, were very great and glorious, yet something inferior to what fame has represented them. He accordingly proposed that the property of the conspirators should be confiscated, and themselves kept in custody in the municipal towns; fearing, it seems, that, if they remain at Rome, they may be rescued either by their accomplices in the conspiracy, or by a hired mob; as if, forsooth, the mischievous and profligate w-ere to be found only in the city, and not through the whole of Italy, or as if desperate attempts would not be more likely to succeed where there is less power to resist them. The more necessary is it, therefore, to act with promptitude. This was an evil, which, after many years, had returned upon the community to the extent to which it now prevailed. [50] For Sallust, the defining moments of the late republic were the destruction of Rome's old foe, Carthage, in 146BC and the influx of wealth from the east after Sulla's First Mithridatic War. 29 When these proceedings were reported to Cicero, he, being alarmed at the twofold danger, since he could no longer secure the city against treachery by his private efforts, nor could gain satisfactory intelligence of the magnitude or intentions of the army of Manlius, laid the matter, which was already a subject of discussion among the people, before the senate. shee-ma. Caius Caesar, a short time ago, spoke in fair and elegant language, before this assembly, on the subject of life and death; considering as false, I suppose, what is told of the dead; that the bad, going a different way from the good, inhabit places gloomy, desolate, dreary, and full of horror. Most of those, who have given their opinions before me, have deplored, in studied and impressive language, the sad fate that threatens the republic; they have recounted the barbarities of war, and the afflictions that would fall on the vanquished; they have told us that maidens would be dishonored, and youths abused; that children would be torn from the embraces of their parents; that matrons would be subjected to the pleasure of the conquerors; that temples and dwelling-houses would be plundered; that massacres and fires would follow; and that every place would be filled with arms, corpses, blood, and lamentation. In battle, those who are most afraid are always in most danger; but courage is equivalent to a rampart. Is it not better to die in a glorious attempt, than, after having been the sport of other mens insolence, to resign a wretched and degraded existence with ignominy? And, indeed, if the intellectual ability of kings and magistrates were exerted to the same degree in peace as in war, human affairs would be more orderly and settled, and you would not see governments shifted from hand to hand, and things universally changed and confused. He has great interest in moralising, and for this reason, he tends to paint an exaggerated picture of the senate's faults he analyses events in terms of a simplistic opposition between the self-interest of Roman politicians and the "public good" that shows little understanding of how the Roman political system actually functioned[71] The reality was more complicated than Sallust's simplistic moralising would suggest. [47] Historians regret the loss of the work, as it must have thrown much light on a very eventful period, embracing the war against Sertorius (died 72 BC), the campaigns of Lucullus against Mithradates VI of Pontus (75-66 BC), and the victories of Pompey in the East (6662 BC). Petreius ranged the cohorts of veterans, which he had raised to meet the present insurrection, in front, and behind them the rest of his force in lines. They also decreed that the consuls should hold a levy; that Antonius, with an army, should hasten in pursuit of Catiline; and that Cicero should protect the city. The opportunity, too, seemed favorable for such an accusation; for Caesar, by extraordinary generosity in private, and by magnificent exhibitions in public, had fallen greatly into debt. Sallust, Latin in full Gaius Sallustius Crispus, (born c. 86 bc, Amiternum, Samnium [now San Vittorino, near LAquila, Italy]died 35/34 bc), Roman historian and one of the great Latin literary stylists, noted for his narrative writings dealing with political personalities, corruption, and party rivalry. But on these subjects I shall say no more. He was covetous of other mens property, and prodigal of his own. Among many scholars and historians interested in Sallust, the most notable are Leonardo Bruni, Coluccio Salutati and Niccol Machiavelli. Nor is this wonderful; since you study each his individual interest, and since at home you are slaves to pleasure, and here to money or favor; and hence it happens that an attack is made on the defenseless state. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). But Curius, when he heard of the imminent danger that threatened the consul, immediately gave him notice, by the agency of Fulvia, of the treachery which was contemplated. At last, with a view to dissemble, and under pretence of clearing his character, as if he had been provoked by some attack, he walked into the senate- house. But success (I call gods and men to witness!) Bennett's New Latin Grammar or, better, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar. WebHis "Catiline's War" tells of the conspiracy in 63 bc led by L. Sergius Catilina, who plotted to assassinate numerous senators and take control of the government, but was thwarted by Lentulus, accordingly, was given in charge to Publius Lentulus Spinther, who was then aedile; Cethegus, to Quintus Cornificius; Statilius, to Caius Caesar; Gabinius, to Marcus Crassus; and Coeparius, who had just before been arrested in his flight, to Cneius Terentius, a senator. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 3 To act well for the Commonwealth is noble, and even to speak well for it is not without merits. At that meeting there were present, of senatorial rank: Publius Lentulus Sura, Publius Autronius, Lucius Cassius Longinus, Caius Cethegus, Publius and Servius Sylla, the sons of Servius Sylla, Lucius Vargunteius, Quintus Annius, Marcus Porcius Laeca, Lucius Bestia, Quintus Curius; and of the equestrian order, Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, Lucius Statilius, Publius Gabinius Capito, Caius Cornelius; with many from the colonies and municipal towns, persons of consequence in their own localities. Nor were the senate, indeed, unwilling to grant him the province; for they wished so infamous a character to be removed from the seat of government; and many worthy men, at the same time, thought that there was some security in him against the power of Pompey, which was then becoming formidable. [14] Because of this Sallust could have been raised in Rome. Certain citizens, of the highest rank, have conspired to ruin their country; they are engaging the Gauls, the bitterest foes of the Roman name, to join in a war against us; the leader of the enemy is ready to make a descent upon us; and do you hesitate, even in such circumstances how to treat armed incendiaries arrested within your walls? Whithersoever we would go, we must open a passage with our swords. Catiline, on his march, sent letters to most men of consular dignity, and to all the most respectable citizens, stating, that as he was beset by false accusations, and unable to resist the combination of his enemies, he was submitting to the will of fortune, and going into exile at Marseilles; not that he was guilty of the great wickedness laid to his charge, but that the state might be undisturbed, and that no insurrection might arise from his defense of himself. 3. They further appointed that the schools of gladiators should be distributed in Capua and other municipal towns, according to the capacity of each; and that, at Rome, watches should be posted throughout the city, of which the inferior magistrates should have the charge. Sallust presents Catiline as a deliberate foe However, Sallust successfully managed the organization of supply and transportation, and these qualities could have determined Caesar's choice. At last, when he was smitten with a passion for Aurelia Orestilla, in whom no good man, at any time of her life, commended anything but her beauty, it is confidently believed that because she hesitated to marry him, from the dread of having a grown-up step-son, he cleared the house for their nuptials by putting his son to death. Attack them, therefore, with so much the greater confidence, and call to mind your achievements of old. The classification is based on the existence of the lacuna (gap) between 103.2 and 112.3 of the Jugurthine War. Nor was Antonius far distant, as he was pursuing, though with a large army, yet through plainer ground, and with fewer hindrances, the enemy in retreat. [65] Among his admirers in England in the early modern period were Thomas More, Alexander Barclay and Thomas Elyot. Rosalyn_Helps. The evidence that Sallust held a quaestorship, an administrative office in finance, sometimes dated about 55, is unreliable. Not all translations are grammatically faithful to the original. Of his whole army, neither in the battle, nor in flight, was any free-born citizen made prisoner, for they had spared their own lives no more than those of the enemy. Catullus 4, 5, 7, 22 edited. There were some, however, unconnected with the conspiracy, who set out to join Catiline at an early period of his proceedings. With his trademark archaizing style, Sallust skillfully captures the drama of the times, including an early morning attempt to assassinate the consul Cicero and two emotionally charged speeches, by Julius Caesar and Cato the Younger, in a senatorial debate over the fate of the arrested conspirators. XIX.Speech to the conspirators, XX.His promises to them, XXI.His supposed ceremony to unite them, XXII.His designs discovered by Fulvia, XXIII.His alarm on the election of Cicero to the consulship, and his design in engaging women in his cause, XXIV.His accomplice, Sempronia, characterized, XXV.His ambition of the consulship, his plot to assassinate Cicero, and his disappointment in both, XXVI.His mission of Manlius into Etruria, and his second convention of the conspirators, XXVII.His second attempt to kill Cicero; his directions to Manlius well observed, XXVIII.His machinations induce the Senate to confer extraordinary power on the consuls, XXIX.His proceedings are opposed by various precautions, XXX.His effrontery in the Senate, XXXI.He sets out for Etruria, XXXII.His accomplice, Manlius, sends a deputation to Marcius, XXXIII.His representations to various respectable characters, XXXIV.His letter to Catulus, XXXV.His arrival at Manliuss camp; he is declared an enemy by the Senate; his adherents continue faithful and resolute, XXXVI.The discontent and disaffection of the populace in Rome, XXXVII.The old contentions between the patricians and plebeians, XXXVIII.The effect which a victory of Catiline would have produced, XXXIX.The Allobroges are solicited to engage in the conspiracy, XL.They discover it to Cicero, XLI.The incaution of Catilines accomplices in Gaul and Italy, XLII.The plans of his adherents at Rome, XLIII.The Allobroges succeed in obtaining proofs of the conspirators guilt, XLIV.The Allobroges and Volturcius are arrested by the contrivance of Cicero, XLV.The principal conspirators at Rome are brought before the Senate, XLVI.The evidence against them, and their consignment to custody, XLVII.The alteration in the minds of the populace, and the suspicions entertained against Crassus, XLVIII.The attempts of Catulus and Piso to criminate Caesar, XLIX.The plans of Lentulus and Cethegus for their rescue, and the deliberations of the Senate, L.The speech of Caesar on the mode of punishing the conspirators, LI.The speech of Cato on the same subject, LII.The condemnation of the prisoners; the causes of Roman greatness, LIII.Parallel between Caesar and Cato, LIV.The execution of the criminals, LV.Catilines warlike preparations in Etruria, LVI.He is compelled by Metellus and Antonius to hazard an action, LVII.His exhortation to his men, LVIII.His arrangements, and those of his opponents, for the battle, LIX.His bravery, defeat, and death, LX., LXI. , the most notable are Leonardo Bruni, Coluccio Salutati and Niccol Machiavelli investigate closely assigned! 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