These systems, often called cold climate heat pumps, combine variable capacity compressors with improved heat exchanger designs and controls to maximize heating capacity at colder air temperatures, while maintaining high efficiencies during milder conditions. This vapour passes through the reversing valve to the accumulator, which collects any remaining liquid before the vapour enters the compressor. However, going up the hill requires a lot more work, as the bike is moving against the natural direction of motion. Most air-source systems shut off at one of three temperatures, which can be set by your installation contractor: Most supplementary systems can be classed into two categories: An outdoor temperature sensor shuts the heat pump off when the temperature falls below the pre-set limit. An air-source heat pump has three cycles: During the heating cycle, heat is taken from outdoor air and "pumped" indoors. A heat pump is an electrically driven device that extracts heat from a low temperature place (a source), and delivers it to a higher temperature place (a sink). Current performance has evolved significantly over the last 15 years, driven by new developments in compressor technology, heat exchanger design, and improved refrigerant flow and control. Thermostat setbacks may not yield the same kind of benefits with heat pump systems as with more conventional heating systems. The major benefit of using an air-source heat pump is the high efficiency it can provide in heating compared to typical systems like furnaces, boilers and electric baseboards. You should also ensure that your air vents and registers are not blocked by any furniture, carpeting or other items that would impede airflow. Heat pump systems generally supply a greater volume of airflow at lower temperature compared to furnace systems. Moisture in the air passing over the indoor coil condenses on the coil's surface and is collected in a pan at the bottom of the coil. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) currently verifies all heat pumps for electrical safety. However, warranties vary between manufacturers, so be sure to check the fine print. A condensate drain connects this pan to the house drain. You should not use water from a spring, pond, river or lake as a source for your heat pump system. Also, be sure that vents and air registers in your home are not blocked by furniture or carpeting, as inadequate airflow to or from your unit can shorten equipment lifespans and reduce efficiency of the system. In Canada, where air temperatures can go below 30C, ground-source systems are able to operate more efficiently because they take advantage of warmer and more stable ground temperatures. These types of systems contain two key components: Depending on how the heat pump and ground heat exchanger interact, two different system classifications are possible: Ground-source heat pumps can serve a suite of comfort needs in your home, including: Heating and active cooling operations are described in the following section. Actual savings are highly dependant on the location of your heat pump installation. Heat pumps are a proven technology that have been used for decades, both in Canada and globally, to efficiently provide heating, cooling, and in some cases, hot water to buildings. Plastic piping must be thermally fused, and there must be good earth-to-pipe contact to ensure good heat transfer, such as that achieved by Tremie-grouting of boreholes. It is important that horizontal and vertical loops be installed by a qualified contractor. But the road to a low-carbon future has its challenges. This liquid returns to the expansion device and the cycle is repeated. Unlike conventional thermostats, these thermostats achieve savings from temperature setback during unoccupied periods, or overnight. Many online calculators are available to provide a quick estimation of how much energy savings you can expect for your particular application. As energy is extracted from a source, the temperature of the source is reduced. Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER): The EER is similar to the COP, and describes the steady-state cooling efficiency of a heat pump. DX systems use refrigeration-grade copper tubing. Water inside the building is heated. If you have an extra existing well, your heat pump contractor should have a well driller ensure that it is suitable for use as a rejection well. It is important to also check to see whether any additional regulations are in place in your region before selecting your system. While the supplemental heating system operates less frequently, under warmer ambient conditions, the heat pump produces too much heat and the unit cycles on and off leading to discomfort, wear on the heat pump, and stand-by electric power draw. To understand this process, think about a bicycle ride over a hill: No effort is required to go from the top of the hill to the bottom, as the bike and rider will move naturally from a high place to a lower one. The sizing of your heat pump system should be done according to your climate, heating and cooling building loads, and the objectives of your installation (e.g., maximizing heating energy savings vs. displacing an existing system during certain periods of the year). In ground water or antifreeze mixture systems, it then passes through the refrigerant-filled primary heat exchanger. Find an explanation of single speed and variable speed heat pumps in the Air-Source Heat Pump section. This will reduce the savings that you might have expected to achieve by installing the heat pump. The heat pump simply removes or adds heat to the water; no pollutants are added. If you live in an area where electricity is expensive, your operating costs may be higher. Below this temperature, a supplemental system must be used to provide heating to the building. NRCans ASHP-Eval tool is freely available and could be used by installers and mechanical designers to help advise on your situation. You should also have your water tested for acidity, hardness and iron content before installing a heat pump. As such, their value can change significantly as source and sink temperatures, and other operational parameters, change. This liquid returns to the expansion device, and the cycle is repeated. To appropriately size your heat pump system, it is important to understand the heating and cooling needs for your home. Consult a local heat pump contractor to design, install and service your equipment to ensure efficient and reliable operation. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) currently verifies all heat pumps for electrical safety. If transitioning from a natural gas or fuel oil based heating system, it may be necessary to upgrade your electrical panel. While an undersized system will still operate efficiently, you may not get the anticipated energy savings due to a high use of a supplemental heating system. This allows the heat pump to operate more efficiently, with typical efficiencies well over 100%, i.e. The water requirement for a specific model of heat pump is usually expressed in litres per second (L/s) and is listed in the specifications for that unit. A new performance standard that aims to better represent performance of these systems in Canadian regions is currently under development. Today, air-source heat pumps represent one of the most promising technologies for heating and cooling our homes. This leaves bare areas that can be restored with grass seed or sod. You should have a qualified contractor do annual maintenance on your unit to ensure everything is in good working order. First, the liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion device, changing to a low-pressure liquid/vapour mixture. Not all heat pumps, however, have an accumulator. The Region 5 HSPF is most reflective of heat pump performance in the Ottawa region. Supplementary heating may also be required when the heat pump is defrosting. If you are considering a heat pump, you likely have a number of questions, including: This booklet provides important facts on heat pumps to help you be more informed, supporting you to make the right choice for your home. Weather data characteristics of long-term climate conditions are used to represent the heating season in calculating the HSPF. Air-source heat pumps have a service life of between 15 and 20 years. What Is a Heat Pump, and How Does It Work? Supplementary heating may also be required when the heat pump is defrosting. If a heat pump is undersized, you will notice that the supplemental heating system will be used more frequently. A performance standard specifies tests and test conditions at which heat pump heating and cooling capacities and efficiency are determined. Particles and other matter can clog a heat pump system and make it inoperable in a short period of time. As the refrigerant passes from the reversing valve to the compressor, the accumulator collects any excess liquid that did not vaporize into a gas. For cost-effectiveness, the system should generally be sized to cover the majority of the households annual heating energy requirement. Lower-end systems typically employ two stage compressors, relatively standard size refrigerant-to-air heat exchangers, and oversized enhanced-surface refrigerant-to-water heat exchangers. Heres the situation: Nearly two thirds of the energy consumed in Canadian homes is used for heating and cooling. They are also an option when replacing existing air conditioning systems, as the incremental cost to move from a cooling-only system to a heat pump is often quite low. The plenum , only seen in ducted installations, is part of the air distribution network. Heat pumps can be an excellent choice in a variety of applications, and for both new homes and retrofits of existing heating and cooling systems. As a result, the demand-frost method is generally more efficient since it starts the defrost cycle only when it is required. Installing an air-source heat pump can offer you a number of benefits. The compressor squeezes the molecules of the refrigerant gas together, increasing the temperature of the refrigerant. Units of measurement for capacity, or power use: Air-source heat pumps use the outdoor air as a source of thermal energy in heating mode, and as a sink to reject energy when in cooling mode. The indoor coil is where heat is transferred to/from indoor air in certain types of air-source heat pumps. Heat pumps are a proven and reliable technology in Canada, capable of providing year-round comfort control for your home by supplying heat in the winter, cooling in the summer, and in some cases, heating hot water for your home. For newer models, this can range from between -15C to -25C. While many colder Canadian regions are still classified under Region 5, the HSPF value provided may not fully reflect actual system performance. At the same time the outdoor fan, which normally blows cold air over the coil, is shut off in order to reduce the amount of heat needed to melt the frost. The pipe is placed in one of three types of arrangements: Regardless of the arrangement you choose, all piping for antifreeze solution systems must be at least series 100 polyethylene or polybutylene with thermally fused joints (as opposed to barbed fittings, clamps or glued joints), to ensure leak-free connections for the life of the piping. The first type controls the operation of the electric resistance supplementary heating system. Qualified heat pump installers should be able to give you information on how much electricity a particular ground-source system would use. Important Terminology for Heat Pump Systems, Single Speed and Variable Speed Heat Pumps, Certification, Standards, and Rating Scales, Major Benefits of Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems. The heat is transferred to the refrigerant, which boils to become a low-temperature vapour. It is important to note that the vast majority of air-source heat pumps have a minimum operating temperature, below which they are unable to operate.
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