a. very weak compared with kinetic energies of the molecules A) 19C B) 52C C) 60C D) 64C E) 70C
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8
24. Of the following substances, _____ has the highest boiling point. Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of CHCl3. A bonding molecular orbital is of lower energy (more stable) than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed. very soft h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*H*ph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jn5(M (i) Viscosity increases as temperature decreases. Ans:True Category:Easy Section:10.5
30. Ans: dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
35. To describe the intermolecular forces in liquids. Consequently, N 2 O should have a higher boiling point. A polar covalent bond would form in which one of the following pairs of atoms? Of the following, __________ is the most volatile. b. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together Arrange ethyl methyl ether (CH3OCH2CH3), 2-methylpropane [isobutane, (CH3)2CHCH3], and acetone (CH3COCH3) in order of increasing boiling points. Let's start with some basics. A) KI B) KBr C) KCl D) KF
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3
Chapter 10: (2 points each)
1. Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. A) BeCl2 B) Br2 C) BF3 D) IBr E) CO2
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.2
21. T h e L e w i s d o t s y m b o l f o r t h e S 2 i o n i s
A ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . The Lewis dot symbol for the a lead atom is
A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) EMBED Equation.BREE4
Ans: C C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . s p e c i f i c h e a t o f i c e : 2 . The resulting open, cagelike structure of ice means that the solid is actually slightly less dense than the liquid, which explains why ice floats on water, rather than sinks. This molecule has an H atom bonded to an O atom, so it will experience hydrogen bonding. B R E E 4 2 + D ) C a 2 + E ) C a
A n s : D C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . This effect, illustrated for two H2 molecules in part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), tends to become more pronounced as atomic and molecular masses increase (Table \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Video Discussing Dipole Intermolecular Forces. They are highly ordered and not compressible. Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound? 0 4 F J Z \ ^ xfW jl5(M The first two are often described collectively as van der Waals forces. A) linear, polar D) bent, nonpolar
B) linear, nonpolar E) bent, polar
C) tetrahedral, nonpolar
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.2
24. Chem 1120 - Chapter 11: States of Matter: Liquids & Solids Practice Quiz 2. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of SCl2. 8 0 k J / m o l . Of the compounds that can act as hydrogen bond donors, identify those that also contain lone pairs of electrons, which allow them to be hydrogen bond acceptors. 5
2 3 . E) None of the above. A) CBr4 B) CBr3F C) CBr2F2 D) CBrF3 E) CF4
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:11.2
8. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.2
20. Ans:
Category:Medium Section:9.7
44. e. heat of deposition, heat of vaporization. @ J K \ ] & ' 1 2 3 4 @ A ,
-
a
b
v
w
x
y
"j h|g h|g B*EHUph jc5(M A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4
21. For example, it requires 927 kJ to overcome the intramolecular forces and break both OH bonds in 1 mol of water, but it takes only about 41 kJ to overcome the intermolecular attractions and convert 1 mol of liquid water to water vapor at 100C. Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound? B R E E 4 B ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . 0 C t o s t e a m a t 1 0 0 C ? d. is highly cohesive Argon and N2O have very similar molar masses (40 and 44 g/mol, respectively), but N2O is polar while Ar is not. The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids. 8 k J D ) 4 0 . D) polar bonds, but is a nonpolar molecule. B R E E 4 2 C ) S 2 D ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . Dipoledipole interactions arise from the electrostatic interactions of the positive and negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole moments; their strength is proportional to the magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3, where r is the distance between dipoles. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of boron trichloride is
A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1
11. Melting and Boiling Points, Densities and Solubility for Inorganic Compounds in Water: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? B) nonpolar bonds, but is a polar molecule. Note the last two items in the table above. A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.4
28. Given the large difference in the strengths of intra- and intermolecular forces, changes between the solid, liquid, and gaseous states almost invariably occur for molecular substances without breaking covalent bonds. Which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? A) NF3 B) CO2 C) CF4 D) Br2 E) NO
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.9
36. b. e. dipole-dipole attractions, Hydrogen bonding is a special case of __________. 2and1 Arrange 2,4-dimethylheptane, Ne, CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order of decreasing boiling points. A) O B) S C) Na D) C E) N
Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.9
34. What fraction of the volume of each corner atom is actually within the volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell? A) 92 K
B) 90 K
C) 88 K
D) 84 K
E) O2 doesn't boil because it is always a gas. e. They flow and are not compressible. C) molecular crystal. Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
36. The most significant intermolecular force for this substance would be dispersion forces. The effect of increasing the pressure is to raise the boiling point. Consequently, N2O should have a higher boiling point. If they vibrate enough, they bump into each other. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point? KBr (1435C) > 2,4-dimethylheptane (132.9C) > CS2 (46.6C) > Cl2 (34.6C) > Ne (246C). Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? B) vapor pressure is equal to, or greater than, the external pressure pushing on it. Cs 2. Conversely, \(\ce{NaCl}\), which is held together by interionic interactions, is a high-melting-point solid. Write the Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion. Recall that the attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the distance between the ions. Which statements about viscosity are true? Which property of water allows a razor blade to float on it without sinking? e. spherical cubic. A) D)
B) E)
C)
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.6
31. A) Se B) Sb C) K D) Ga E) Fe
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.5
18. a. water boils at a lower temperature at high altitude than at low altitude Although CH bonds are polar, they are only minimally polar. . These attractive interactions are weak and fall off rapidly with increasing distance. Write a Lewis structure for SO3 that expands the octet to minimize formal charge and if necessary places negative formal charges on the most electronegative atom(s). A) 0 lone pairs, tetrahedral
B) 1 lone pair, distorted tetrahedron (seesaw)
C) 1 lone pair, square pyramidal
D) 1 lone pair, tetrahedral
E) 2 lone pairs, square planar
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1
4. Category:Medium Section:9.8
45. Of the two butane isomers, 2-methylpropane is more compact, and n-butane has the more extended shape. A) Na B) As C) Ga D) Cs E) Sb
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.5
16. A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.4
27. Surface tension c. Volatility d. Meniscus e. Capillary action. The attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, whereas the attractive energy between two dipoles is proportional to 1/r6. 8
2 9 . A) NH3 B) CCl4 C) CO2 D) SF4 E) PCl5
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1
17. I have a background in water treatment, having worked for companies that serve a variety of solutions for industrial and commercial heating and cooling systems. The three compounds have essentially the same molar mass (5860 g/mol), so we must look at differences in polarity to predict the strength of the intermolecular dipoledipole interactions and thus the boiling points of the compounds. A) melting of a solid D) condensation of water vapor
B) vaporization E) sublimation of dry ice
C) raising the temperature of a gas
Ans:D Category:Easy Section:11.8
25. c. heat isn't conducted as well in low density air Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH (mw=46) has a boiling point of 78. A . Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? E) ionic crystal. Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of O2. Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point. W h a t t y p e o f c h e m i c a l b o n d h o l d s t h e a t o m s t o g e t h e r w i t h i n a w a t e r m o l e c u l e ? )%2F11%253A_Liquids_and_Intermolecular_Forces%2F11.02%253A_Intermolecular_Forces, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\). The number of pi bonds in the molecule below is
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 10 E) 15
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.5
27. E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. B R E E 4 2 E ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . A) Water has a high heat capacity. The effect of this is that boiling points are lower at higher altitudes. Boiling Points of Some Organic Compunds Whose Molecules Contain 32 or 34 Electrons: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? S, 3. (1) Na+ (2) CH3COOH (3) C2H6 (4) CH3NH2
A) (1) and (2) B) (1) and (3) C) (2) and (3) D) (2) and (4) E) (3) and (4)
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2
13. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of ammonia is
A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1
12. . A) 0 lone pairs, square pyramidal D) 1 lone pair, square pyramidal
B) 0 lone pairs, trigonal bipyramidal E) 2 lone pairs, pentagonal
C) 1 lone pair, octahedral
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1
5. B) trigonal planar. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of SiCl4 is
A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1
10. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jm5(M Intermolecular forces are generally much weaker than covalent bonds. Consequently, we expect intermolecular interactions for n-butane to be stronger due to its larger surface area, resulting in a higher boiling point. The F S F bond angles in SF6 are
A) 90 and 180 B) 109.5 C) 120 D) 180 E) 90 and 120
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1
18. e. readily evaporates, V olatility and vapor pressure are __________. d. covalent-ionic interactions D) amorphous solid. C) the volume of the container. Transitions between the solid and liquid, or the liquid and gas phases, are due to changes in intermolecular interactions, but do not affect intramolecular interactions. The number of nearest neighbors (atoms that make contact) around each atom in a face-centered cubic lattice of a metal is
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 12
Ans:E/C Category:Medium Section:11.4
20. Write a Lewis structure for OF2. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph je5(M Ans:
Category:Medium Section:9.6
43. Ans: 33 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds (19 sigma, 4 pi)
Category:Medium Section:10.5
29. Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the PCl3 molecule. d. Large polar molecules e. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together but not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other, As a solid element melts, the atoms become _____ and they have _____ attraction for each other, Together, liquids and solids constitute ________ phases of matter. c. is highly hydrogen-bonded Ethyl methyl ether has a structure similar to H2O; it contains two polar CO single bonds oriented at about a 109 angle to each other, in addition to relatively nonpolar CH bonds. B) polarizability. Source: Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. The four compounds are alkanes and nonpolar, so London dispersion forces are the only important intermolecular forces. B R E E 4
A n s : B C a t e g o ry:Medium Section:9.2
10. Hydrogen bond formation requires both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. D) bent. e. both independent of temperature, Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because __________. Which of the following substances should have the highest boiling point? The substance with the weakest forces will have the lowest boiling point. 1 8 J / g C ; DH f u s = 6 . Predict the geometry and polarity of the CS2 molecule. D) the temperature. C l a s s i f y t h e C a C l b o n d i n C a C l 2 a s i o n i c , p o l a r c o v a l e n t , o r n o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t . Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g). a. Ethanol must have stronger intermolecular attraction, based on its higher boiling point. C) tetrahedral. D) Ice is more dense than liquid water. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SO2(l). e. 2and4, The predominant intermolecular force in CaBr2 is __________. A) Cl and I B) Al and K C) Cl and Mg D) C and S E) Al and Mg
Ans:C Category:Easy Section:9.2
5. Pb 4. . A) Br2 B) Cl2 C) F2 D) I2
Ans:D Category:Easy Section:11.2
2. Electrostatic interactions are strongest for an ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point. As a result, the boiling point of neopentane (9.5C) is more than 25C lower than the boiling point of n-pentane (36.1C). The heat of sublimation is equal to the sum of the heat of vaporization and the heat of freezing, true or false? A) BrI B) CsI C) LiI D) NaI E) RbI
Ans:A Category:Easy Section:11.2
3. A) CO2 B) Cl2 C) ICl D) NO E) SO2
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:9.9
33. Which of the following would be expected to have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature? A ) N a C l B ) N a F C ) C a B r 2 D ) C s I E ) C a C l 2
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.3
13. Which of the following substances should have the lowest boiling point? Acetic acid has a heat of fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol. Vapor Pressure and Water: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? A.Hydrogen bonds involve hydrogen bonded to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. W h i c h o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i o n i c s o l i d s w o u l d h a v e t h e l a r g e s t l a t t i c e e n e r g y ? __________ are particularly polarizable. Write the Lewis structure of ammonia (nitrogen trihydride). Write a Lewis structure for the nitrate ion, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges. Determine the intermolecular forces in the compounds, and then arrange the compounds according to the strength of those forces. According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry? Ans: dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
34. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force . d. Covalent-network e. Metallic and covalent-network, Crystalline solids __________. B) Water has an unusually high boiling point. The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends upon
A) the amount of liquid. Molecules with net dipole moments tend to align themselves so that the positive end of one dipole is near the negative end of another and vice versa, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1a}\). The net effect is that the first atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole, called an induced dipole, in the second. A) CH4 B) CH3Br C) CH3Cl D) CH3F E) CH3I
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.2
25. 11.2: Intermolecular Forces is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Which of the atoms listed below is the most electronegative? A) H2O B) BF3 C) Cl2 D) SiH4 E) Ar. B) trigonal pyramidal. The expansion of water when freezing also explains why automobile or boat engines must be protected by antifreeze and why unprotected pipes in houses break if they are allowed to freeze. A) CO2 B) C2H2 C) SO2 D) BeCl2 E) KrF2
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.1
15. The number of lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is ___. The predicted order is thus as follows, with actual boiling points in parentheses: He (269C) < Ar (185.7C) < N2O (88.5C) < C60 (>280C) < NaCl (1465C). The first compound, 2-methylpropane, contains only CH bonds, which are not very polar because C and H have similar electronegativities. a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding d. ion-dipole e. London dispersion force. A C 60 molecule is nonpolar, but its molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that of Ar or N 2 O. A) CaCl2 B) CO2 C) CS2 D) SO2 E) OF2
Ans:A Category:Easy Section:9.2
2. e. there is a higher moisture content in the air at high altitude, The pressure requires to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature, The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquified, On a phase diagram, the melting point is the same as the __________, When the phase diagram for a substance has a solid-liquid phase boundary line that has a negative slope (leans to the left), the substance __________. As a result, it is relatively easy to temporarily deform the electron distribution to generate an instantaneous or induced dipole. 8
2 8 . A) Mg B) Ga C) Si D) Ba E) Pb
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5
20. My experience in writing and editing stems from my education and the many years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs. At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower. Compounds such as HF can form only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3. Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an incomplete octet? 7 k J / m o l s p e c i f i c h e a t o f s t e a m : 1 . Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature; that is, they arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species. A) KF B) KI C) LiF D) LiI E) NaF
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.3
15. In general, however, dipoledipole interactions in small polar molecules are significantly stronger than London dispersion forces, so the former predominate. C) water, bp = 100C. Butter melts over a range of temperature, rather than with a sharp melting point. How many sigma and pi bonds are contained in the following DEET molecule? Consider a pair of adjacent He atoms, for example. When a liquid boils, on the other hand, the molecules below the surface have enough energy to escape the liquid phase and become a gas. Doubling the distance (r 2r) decreases the attractive energy by one-half. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. The disruptive force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of IF5. Ans:A Category:Medium Section:11.8
26. It should therefore have a very small (but nonzero) dipole moment and a very low boiling point. Which one of the following should have the lowest boiling point? A C60 molecule is nonpolar, but its molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that of Ar or N2O. The three major types of intermolecular interactions are dipoledipole interactions, London dispersion forces (these two are often referred to collectively as van der Waals forces), and hydrogen bonds. The bridging hydrogen atoms are not equidistant from the two oxygen atoms they connect, however. The CO bond dipole therefore corresponds to the molecular dipole, which should result in both a rather large dipole moment and a high boiling point. Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. %- %, ] %- %, %, %, 9 G" %, - 6. Which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? b. directly proportional to one another a. London dispersion forces The number of pi bonds in the molecule below is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 9
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.5
26. In fact, the ice forms a protective surface layer that insulates the rest of the water, allowing fish and other organisms to survive in the lower levels of a frozen lake or sea. ), { "11.01:_A_Molecular_Comparison_of_Gases_Liquids_and_Solids" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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