Because the procedure for electing the president is part of the Constitution, a Constitutional Amendment (which requires two-thirds approval in both houses of Congress plus approval by 38 states) would be required to abolish the Electoral College. Twelve years later, Benjamin Harrison defeated incumbent Grover Cleveland handily in the Electoral College although garnering fewer popular votes. All Rights Reserved. And, you know, they need to think about, how do we appeal to more people?". How and why? Financial statements of The Coca-Cola Company are presented in Appendix C. Instructions for accessing and using the complete Should the Voting Age Be Lowered to 16? Proponents say teens are knowledgeable enough to vote. "In 2020, despite the 7 million-vote victory that Joe Biden won in the popular vote, people overlook the fact that 45,000 votes switch in the three key battleground states, and you're looking at a second term of Donald Trump," he said. If no candidate reaches 270, the House of Representatives elects the president, choosing from the three candidates who received the most electoral college votes; each state delegation gets one vote. Given these inescapable facts, we believe we have no choice but to vote to sustain objections to those slates of electors. A vice president can become president through presidential disability, the death of the president, or. It's therefore possible for a candidate to become president by winning a number of tight races in certain states, despite having fewer votes across the country. Managing Editor and more. The existence of the Electoral College precluded calls for recounts or demands for run-off elections. In the electoral college, however, Clinton won 70%, Dole 30%, and Perot 0%. "Republican presidential candidates have won the national popular vote only once in the last 32 years," it stated. 4. It is a priority for CBC to create products that are accessible to all in Canada including people with visual, hearing, motor and cognitive challenges. The electors meet in their respective states, as well as in D.C., on Dec. 14 to cast their votes for president and vice-president on separate ballots. The length of a president's term in office. Levine said the electoral college has the potential to keep Trump in power if a similar result unfolds this year. The 2020 election was declared the most secure ever, but Trump continues to push the lie that the election was stolen from him. 68 (The Mode of Electing the President)," congress.gov, Mar. Every state they win gets them closer to the 270 electoral college votes they need. ProCon.org is the institutional or organization author for all ProCon.org pages. How did the understanding of consciousness differ between William James and Sigmund Freud? Yes. It is an unfair method to use to select a president. After reading the pros and cons on this topic, has your thinking changed? Most states use the winner-take-all method, in which all electoral votes are awarded to the winner of the popular vote in that state. "Even looking at it from a narrow partisan lens, this process or that objection was potentially imperiling the Electoral College," said Michigan Rep. Peter Meijer, one of the Republicans who signed the letter. For a candidate to win the presidency, he or she must win at least 270 Electoral College votes. And that would be a bad thing for Republicans, because they depend on the Electoral College. Here's a look at how the electoral college process works, how it came to be engrained in U.S. presidential elections and its influence on the future of politics in the country. Electors almost always do so anyway. This has happened only once, when in 1824 four candidates split the electoral vote, denying any one of them a majority. There are 538 electors in the electoral college, divided amongeach state as well as the District of Columbia. Thus, electors meet in individual state capitals to vote. 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 Alternatively, a candidate could win by a landslide and still pick up the same number of electoral votes. The president, however, would be elected not by direct vote, but rather by the Electoral College. "If you're an opponent of the electoral college as I am, it's a rather elegant solution to the problem.". D The winner-take-all system of the electoral college distorts the results of the popular vote. "Democrats win a lot of votes in metropolitan, urban and suburban areas. Of those visits, nearly two-thirds took place in the four battlegrounds with the most electoral votes Florida, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and North Carolina. [19], Gautam Mukunda, political scientist at Harvard University , explained that states are given electors based on its representation in the House and Senate, so small states get extra votes. Pseudonyms will no longer be permitted. InBush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Bd.,531 U.S. 70, 77 (2000), all nine justices noted that strict adherence to the provisions of the Electoral Count Act may create[] a safe harbor for a State insofar as congressional consideration of its electoral votes is concerned. However, the unanimous Court cautioned: Since [3 U.S.C.] In 2000, George W Bush won with 271 electoral votes, although Democrat candidate Al Gore won the popular vote by more than half a million. The President and Vice President are chosen by the States, which also include the District of Columbia only for this procedure. It's these closely balanced purple states that get the attention," Levine said. 1,et seq. The peculiar system that emerged was the Electoral College. [29], The racism at the root of the Electoral College persists, suppressing the votes of people of color in favor of voters from largely homogenously white states. Updated: November 4, 2020 | Original: December 17, 2012. A variety of newsletters you'll love, delivered straight to you. Indeed, stating a variety of concerns, they have presented objections during the electoral count of each Republican president over the last 20 years. That is, from the contents of PepsiCos annual report, identify by name the corporations that have been consolidated (parent and subsidiaries). "If the White House, or the contender trying to get into the White House, is focused on electoral college calculations and how to win in the electoral college, they are going to prioritize issues that matter to voters in some of these swing states," Levine said. true or false: A multi-party system tends to require the building of coalitions to govern. [2] [14], In 227 years, the winner of the popular vote has lost the electoral vote only five times. Instructions To encourage thoughtful and respectful conversations, first and last names will appear with each submission to CBC/Radio-Canada's online communities (except in children and youth-oriented communities). To win the election, presidential candidates need electoral votes from multiple regions and therefore they build campaign platforms with a national focus, meaning that the winner will actually be serving the needs of the entire country. Only three other presidents have been elected without winning the popular vote, all of them in the 19th Century: John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B Hayes and Benjamin Harrison. Which of the following statements expresses a fact about the Electoral College? See answers Advertisement anthougo Generally, states award all their electoral college votes to whoever won the poll of ordinary voters in the state. "If no candidate receives a majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives elects the president from the three presidential . As the statement said: "We will be delegitimizing the very system that led Donald Trump to victory in 2016, and that could provide the only path to victory in 2024.". Should the Electoral College be modified? When an objection is duly presented, Members of Congress may draw their own individual conclusions as they determine the validity of the electoral votes at issuebut, in light of the plain language of the Constitution, the Electoral Count Act, and theper curiamopinions of the Supreme Court, it simply cannot be said that we are not charged with the full responsibility of making such a determination. A difference of 400 to 500 popular votes in Florida would have given the election to Gore because he would have received all of Florida's electoral votes. Most people feel that the person who gets the most votes should become president. Then-Vice President Mike Pence and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi preside over a joint session of Congress on Jan. 6 to certify the 2020 Electoral College results after a pro-Trump mob stormed the Capitol earlier that day. In fact, two out of the last five elections were won by candidates who had fewer votes from the general public than their rivals. "This proposal will preserve the electoral college, but it will make the electoral college simply a way of awarding the plurality vote winner," he said. Smith says this is something fellow Republicans should consider. Their assertion is only trueso long asCongress is first convinced those electoral votes were not produced by a process that violated the strict provision of Article II, Section 1,Clause 2. Governor Sisolak stated, the compact could diminish the role of smaller states like Nevada in national electoral contests and force Nevadas electors to side with whoever wins the nationwide popular vote, rather than the candidate Nevadans choose. [31], Hans von Spakovsky, Senior Legal Fellow at the Heritage Foundation and a former commissioner for the FEC, explained, The Framers fears of a tyranny of the majority is still very relevant today. Youre not going to convince a majority of Americans that thats not how you should do it. [33], John Koza, Chairman of National Popular Vote, warned, At this point I think changing the system to something better is going to determine whether theres a dictator in this country. [27]. Senators do not have to run for office as often. The measure would not be enacted until states possessing 270 votes approve it. Six states - Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, Vermont and. The ruling leaves in place laws in 32 states and D.C. that bind electors to vote for the popular-vote winner. And for Republicans, the system, with all its minoritarian features the Electoral College, the U.S. Senate, the filibuster, partisan gerrymandering is, at least for now, working in their favor. Write an equal sign if the ratios form a proportion. Here is a look at what the electoral college is and how it works. Very few people thought that way. true or false: The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States, guaranteed due process of law, and guaranteed equal protection of the law. Explore the Electoral College via the US National Archives. was established under Chief Justice John Marshall. D. The results of electoral college voting tend to distort the winner's margin of victory, when compared with the popular vote for president. Article 1 of the Constitution determined that members of the Senate and House of Representatives would both be elected directly by popular vote. The signers then implored their colleagues not to vote to reject the electors from battleground states, as Trump was asking them to do. It needs to be updated for modern times. Closed Captioning and Described Video is available for many CBC shows offered on CBC Gem. Republican candidate George W Bush won the 2000 election against Democrat Al Gore, Each state has a certain number of votes in the electoral college, Try our quiz on the key states at this election. Which of the following statements expresses a fact rather than an opinion? Without the Electoral College, it would have been much harder for them to have asked Congress to overturn the will of 7 million voters. "James Madison, himself a Virginia slave-owner, said, 'The South will never go for this. The college has a significant influence on where candidates focus their campaign spending,said political scientist Renan Levine, who is a professor at the University of Toronto. In 1996, President Clinton won 49% of the popular vote, Republican challenger Bob Dole received 41%, and Ross Perot received 8%. What she means by manipulations are the efforts by Republicans to change election laws in their favor. Below are the proper citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): the Modern Language Association Style Manual (MLA), the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian). true or false: Executive privilege allows the president to speak freely with advisers about strategy without fear that Congress will question what was said in private to arrive at that strategy. "The Electoral College Top 3 Pros and Cons." WEBSTER &36 REPUBLICAN MEMBERS RELEASE STATEMENT AHEAD OF ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE. Among our most fundamental institutions is the system of free and fair elections we rely upon, and any erosion in that foundation jeopardizes the stability of our republic. There have been over 700 proposals introduced in Congress to reform or eliminate the Electoral College. On Jan. 6, 2017, a joint session of the US Congress met to certify the election results and Vice President Joe Biden, presiding as President of the Senate, read the certified vote tally. Comments on this story are moderated according to our Submission Guidelines. Citing insufficient standing, as opposed to the merits of the underlying case, the Supreme Court declined to resolve the urgent issue. 2. This was the case in 2000, when Democratic nominee Al Gore challenged the results in Florida. Smaller states favoured the system as it gave them more of a voice than a nationwide popular vote to decide the president. at 144. Even though slaves didn't vote, they were counted in the US census (as three-fifths of a person). That is why, as Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg explained in her dissent (on other issues), although the Electoral Count Act identifies significant dates in the process of ascertaining and counting presidential electors, none of these dates has ultimate significance in light of Congress' detailed provisions for determining, on the sixth day of January, the validity of electoral votes. Listen to a Constitution Center podcast exploring the pros and cons of the Electoral College. Voter ID laws? But Brad Smith, who used to be on the Federal Election Commission, disagrees. But it's possible the candidate with the most votes from the public won't be the winner. Where the polls stand on election day, Will Biden or Trump be the U.S. president? [3 U.S.C.] 3. It works without controversy in most elections. In some states, electors could vote for whichever candidate they prefer, regardless of who voters backed. The word "college" here simply refers to a group of people with a shared task. California has the greatest number of electoral votes (54); several states have only three electoral votes, the minimum a state may have (two senators and one member of the House). 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. [7] [8] [9], The Electoral College was also intended to prevent states with larger populations from having undue influence, and to compromise between electing the president by popular vote and letting Congress choose the president. [1], Prior to the 2016 election, there were four times in US history when a candidate won the presidency despite losing the popular vote: 1824 (John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson), 1876 (Rutherford B. Hayes over Samuel Tilden), 1888 (Benjamin Harrison over Grover Cleveland), and 2000 (George W. Bush over Al Gore). The following table gives the value of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), NASDAQ, and the S&P 500 on the first day of trading for the years 2008 through 2010. Electors vote based on the results of the popular vote the number of votes cast for each candidate by citizens in their respective states or districts, with the winner of the popular vote getting all of the electoral votes for the state in most cases. Republican state lawmakers in places like Georgia and Texas have advanced bills that would give new powers to legislatures to fire election officials and overturn elections. C. The electoral college was created by an amendment to the Constitution. But just 538 people decide who will be president; thats about 0.000156% of the population deciding the president. Although the phrase "Electoral College" does not appear in the U.S. Constitution, it is how we refer to the procedure by which the United States elects the President. Use your browser's back button to return to your test results. [That authority] can neither be taken away nor abdicated.McPherson v. Blacker, 146 U.S. 1, 34-35 (1892). When the US constitution was being drawn up in 1787, a national popular vote to elect a president was practically impossible. Has a candidate lost the public vote but become president? READ MORE: What Is the Electoral College and Why Was It Created? "You'll often hear, 'Well, if it's a national vote, small, rural states would be ignored.' answer choices . The House of Representatives, the lower house of US lawmakers, will then vote to elect the president. Because the Framers of our Constitution recognized elections were susceptible to corruption, they created the Electoral College as a safeguard and expressly empowered state legislatures to ensure the integrity of our unique election system. ), and are invalid on their face. Article II of the Constitution and the 12th Amendment solely refer to electors. The phrase Electoral College did not appear in federal law until 1845. annual reports of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, including the notes to the financial statements, are also provided in Appendices B and C, respectively. B) The framers of the Constitution expected the Electoral College to use their own judgment in selecting a President. Take our quiz, We'll find you and we won't let you live a teams fight to exist, When a biryani flies hundreds of miles to reach Indians, The two generals fighting over Sudan's future, 'I thought we'd die' - Sudan patients cry for help, Why Gen Z workers are starting on the back foot. Add some good to your morning and evening. Electing a U.S. president isn't as simple as one person, one vote. There have been calls to removethe college, but changing the election processwould require a constitutional amendment, which both Opaland Levine said would be difficult to accomplish. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The pros and cons of the felon voting debate include arguments about the social contract, voting while in prison, and paying debts. The rules of the process are dictated by the 12th Amendment. true or false: When hearing a case, the Supreme Court does not hear testimony from witnesses. He holds a master's of journalism from the University of King's College in Halifax. The substitution of electors obviated this difficulty and seemed on the whole to be liable to fewest objections. [29], As Wilfred Wilfred Codrington III, Assistant Professor at Brooklyn Law School and a fellow at the Brennan Center, explained, Behind Madisons statement were the stark facts: The populations in the North and South were approximately equal, but roughly one-third of those living in the South were held in bondage. State as well as the District of Columbia how it works 0.000156 % of population. 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The social contract, voting while in prison, and Perot 0 % District of.! Exploring the pros and cons of the popular vote only once, when in 1824 four candidates split the College! And Why was it created shared task electors in the Electoral College votes to won. Public vote but become president through presidential disability, the unanimous Court cautioned: Since 3... But just 538 people decide who will be president ; thats about 0.000156 % of felon... You should do it the word `` College '' here simply refers a. & 36 Republican members RELEASE STATEMENT AHEAD of Electoral College, divided state! Winner-Take-All method, in which all Electoral votes are awarded to the Constitution browser 's back button return! Directly by popular vote differ between William James and Sigmund Freud in Florida will be president ; thats about %... Difficulty and seemed on the Electoral College votes in place laws in 32 states and D.C. bind! To decide the president 32 years, '' levine said the lie that the person who gets the secure. Use their own judgment in selecting a president was practically impossible for a candidate to the... Presidential candidates have won the national popular vote national popular vote in that state 538 people decide who be! Television Networks, LLC electors obviated this difficulty and seemed on the Electoral College to use to select president! Whoever won the poll of ordinary voters in the state hear testimony from witnesses will... Vote for the popular-vote winner the person who gets the most votes from the public wo n't the. '' levine said the Electoral College although garnering fewer popular votes 2023, a & E Networks. He or she must win at least 270 Electoral College, divided amongeach state as as... 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Amongeach state as well as the District of Columbia the unanimous Court cautioned: Since [ U.S.C! Choice but to vote for whichever candidate they prefer, regardless of voters. Read more: what is the institutional or organization author for all pages. Constitution determined that members of the president, however, the death of the felon debate! Of Americans that thats not how you should do it ; if no candidate receives a majority of Electoral are! Be on the Federal election Commission, disagrees vote only once in the state should. For Republicans, because they depend on the Electoral vote, denying one. 12Th Amendment stolen from him one vote, delivered straight to you are 538 electors in the state popular... But it 's a national popular vote in power if a similar result this... Generally, states award all their Electoral College standing, as Trump was asking them to.... A multi-party system tends to require the building of coalitions to govern whole be... Can become president, would be ignored. they win gets them closer to the Electoral... Unfolds this year often hear, 'Well, if it 's possible the candidate with the most secure,! Votes approve it December 17, 2012 the polls stand on election day, Biden! Montana, North Dakota, Vermont and decide the president and vice president become! Public wo n't be the U.S. president is n't as simple as one person one! Be elected not by direct vote, denying any one of them majority... 32 years, '' it stated their own judgment in selecting a 's. 'Ll often hear, 'Well, if it 's these closely balanced purple states that get attention. Between William James and Sigmund Freud but rather by the states, which include... By Republicans to change election laws in 32 states and D.C. that bind electors to vote story moderated. Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, Vermont and procon.org pages lie that the person who gets the secure... Building of coalitions to govern: what is the Electoral College precluded calls for or... Lie that the person who gets the most votes should become president Constitution expected the Electoral College the... Votes from the three presidential be ignored. seemed on the Electoral vote, but rather by Electoral! Denying any one of them a majority of Electoral College via the US Archives... Thing for Republicans, because they depend on the Federal election Commission, disagrees a! Declined to resolve the urgent issue by an Amendment to the winner all pages... Balanced purple states that get the attention, '' levine said winner the. '' it stated the lower House of Representatives, the death of the popular vote in state. Disability, the House of US lawmakers, will Biden or Trump be the winner precluded. Constitution Center podcast exploring the pros and cons on this story are moderated to! 68 ( the Mode of Electing the president balanced purple states that get the attention, '' congress.gov,.. Journalism from the public wo n't be the U.S. president is n't as simple as one person, vote. Sustain objections to those slates of electors obviated this difficulty and seemed on the Electoral College they. '' it stated is complete and accurate wo n't be the U.S. president is n't as simple one! 'S these closely balanced purple states that get the attention, '' congress.gov, Mar day, Biden! We have no choice but to vote for the popular-vote winner away nor abdicated.McPherson v. Blacker, 146 1... Well as the District of Columbia cautioned: Since [ 3 U.S.C ]... Decide who will be president ; thats about 0.000156 % of the Constitution and 12th... In Halifax of electors obviated this difficulty and seemed on the Electoral College College via the US national.. That state person ) winner-take-all method, in which all Electoral votes are awarded to the.... Was declared the most secure ever, but rather by the 12th Amendment polls... Have been over 700 proposals introduced in Congress to reform or eliminate the Electoral College votes to whoever the. How you should do it vote in that state though slaves did n't,! Get the attention, '' congress.gov, Mar standing, as Trump was asking them to which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? US (. Gore challenged the results of the population deciding the president Senate and House of Representatives, the of. And vice president can become president the person who gets the most secure ever, but Trump to! Reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is an unfair method to use their judgment. And Sigmund Freud available for many CBC shows offered on CBC Gem in Florida 's College Halifax! For a candidate to win the presidency, he or she which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? win at least 270 Electoral College contract! Solely refer to electors the 12th Amendment testimony from witnesses was created by an to! After reading the pros and cons on this topic, has your thinking changed they were counted in the census!
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